Concert Programs

The following example concert programs are based on programs presented in the Elysium Ensemble’s Melbourne Concert Series. The programs on the ensemble‘s recordings also make excellent concerts.

Programs can be tailored to almost any theme, occasion (e.g. birth or death of a composer) or concert series.

Note: with the addition of a guest singer (soprano or tenor) we can also include some excellent chamber cantatas by Louis-Nicolas Clérambault and Johann Sebastian Bach.

Elysium Ensemble—St Paul's Anglican Church, Geelong—24 April 2008. Photo: Albert Comper

Parisian Soirée

This program invites the listener to experience the atmosphere of the salons in pre-revolutionary Paris through the music that was heard in that environment. The works presented reflect the new ideas in style and taste that is properly called Rococo. This term was originally applied to a style of architectural decoration that originated in France in the late-17th century, born of a relaxation of the rules of French classicism, rather than as a consequence of influence of the Italian Baroque.

Telemann made a triumphant visit to Paris in 1737. He was at the height of his fame in Germany, but still lacked international recognition and to achieve that he had to succeed in Paris. For this visit he composed his justly famous ‘Paris Quartets’. He realised his music had to adapt itself to the taste of the Paris salons and concerts, as well as flatter the musicians who performed it and provide enough originality to keep the interest of the quickly satiated society. With the Nouveuax Quatuors Telemann not only fulfilled these aims, but also produced some of the finest chamber music written in Europe in the first half of the 18th century. The quartets combine elements of the French, Italian and German styles (the goûts-réünis) and many of the movements clearly point to the new galant style that was to be brought to its culmination in the works of Haydn and Mozart.

Récréation de Musique

Musical recreations, or diversions, were a regular feature of the cultural life of 17th- and 18th-century France. The music in this program displays the intimacy, delicacy, refinement and, above all, the douceur (‘sweetness’) of the chamber music written during the age of Louis XIV and Louis XV. François Couperin (harpsichord), Jacques Hotteterre (flute), Jean-Féry Rebel (violin), Marin Marais (bass viol) and Jean-Marie Leclair (violin) were among the finest and most celebrated instrumentalists and composers of this time, performing in the private apartments of the king at Versailles and in the salons of the nobility in Paris.

This is the music of elegant conversation that, with the natural charm and sensitivity of its melodies and the classical beauty of its forms, delights the intellect and moves the heart.

Rococo

Rococo is a term from decorative art that has been applied by analogy to music, especially French music of the 18th century. It properly stands for a style architectural decoration that originated in France during the last years of the 17th century, born of a relaxation of the rules of French classicism, rather than as a consequence of the influence of the Italian Baroque. The first phase, one of incomparable lightness and grace, lasted until about 1730 (style régence). A second phase, style Louis XV, lasted until about 1760 and was an elaboration of the first in the direction of more exaggerated forms.

This second phase corresponds with the ascendancy of Rameau (and the later works of Leclair), whose works baffled many listeners because of their unexpected harmonic turns and complications. Leclair (violin) and Blavet (flute) were celebrated virtuosos of the Concerts Spirituel (the first ever series of public concerts started in 1725) where they were both acclaimed for their performances of their own sonatas and concertos. Rameau’s Pièces de clavecin en concerts (pieces for harpsichord with instruments) are masterworks of keyboard writing in their own right, but also achieve an integration of the instruments which is often orchestral in nature, with scorings that create sonorities and textures unique in the chamber music of the Baroque period.

Les Goûts-Réünis (The Styles Reunited)

In 1724 François Couperin titled his first book of instrumental chamber music Les goûts-réünis ou nouveaux concerts (‘The styles reunited or new concerts’). He was an admirer of the works of Corelli and championed the idea of combining the best of the French and Italian styles of music to create a new musical perfection. The following year he published a programmatic work titled The Apotheosis of Lully (Concert instrumental sous le titre d’Apothéose composé à la mémoire immortelle de l’incomparable Monsieur de Lully). Through text and music it tells the story of the raising of Lully to Parnassus by Apollo. There Lully meets Corelli and the Italian muses, and after some disputation Apollo proposes the Peace of Parnassus whereby the French and Italian styles are reunited. The work concludes with a Sonade en Trio in this ‘new’ style.

This program also includes a sonata by Corelli, and works by Handel and Bach that are also influenced by the French and Italian styles. It concludes with another of Couperin’s great chamber works in the ‘new’ style: L’Espagnole (‘the Spanish’) from his collection of Sonata-Suites titled Les Nations (‘the nations’).

Affetti Musicali

Affetti Musicali (‘musical affections’) is the title of a collection of instrumental chamber music published by Biagio Marini in 1617. Composers at this time used the term affetto in two ways: to refer to universal states of the soul (such as rage, melancholy, joy or mystic exaltation), as well as the particular exrpessive devices employed in composition and performance.

This usage arises from the new aesthetic concept in Baroque theory that the aim of music is to give delight and move the ‘affections’ of the listener. The concept derives from the Greek and Latin ideas of rhetoric and oratory. According to ancient writers (Aristotle, Cicero and Quintillian), orators employed rhetorical means to control and direct the emotions of their audiences and so persuade and move them.

The works in this program explore the robust, joyous exuberance and barocco (‘wild’ or ‘grotesque’) character of Italian instrumental music written at the turn of the 17th century.

Masters of the High Baroque

Works for Larger Ensemble

[The number in square brackets indicates the number of performers required.]

The works by Blavet, Buffardin, Rebel, Leclair and Telemann are rarely heard, but are excellent pieces.

Several interesting programs can be constructed from the following works: